While covering advanced topics, this article is accessible to professionals with limited knowledge in statistical or mathematical theory. It introduces new material not covered in my recent book (available here) on applied stochastic processes. You don't need to read my book to understand this article, but the book is a nice complement and introduction to the concepts discussed here. None of the material presented here is covered in standard textbooks on stochastic processes or dynamical systems. In particular, it has nothing to do with the classical logistic map or Brownian motions, though the systems investigated here exhibit very similar behaviors and are related to the classical models.